AJIEL—Journal of Islamic Economic Law, published by the Journal House of Ar-Raniry State Islamic University, Banda Aceh, with management under the Sharia Economic Law Study Program. The articles published include research results, reflections, and actual critical studies related to the theme of Islamic economic law. AJIEL—Journal of Islamic Economic Law is a blind peer-reviewed journal dedicated to the publication of quality research results related to the field of Islamic economic law. All publications in the AJIEL journal are open access, which allows articles to be freely available without any subscription.
Prodi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh
Conditional Receivables in the Sale and Purchase of Marine Products According to the Shafi’i School at the Lampulo Fish Landing Center, Banda Aceh
The practice of conditional debt between brokers and fishermen at the Lampulo Fish Landing Site is an economic phenomenon arising from fishermen’s need for capital; however, its implementation raises legal issues concerning fairness, transparency, and compliance with the principles of Islamic commercial law. The method employed is qualitative research using a normative-empirical approach to examine the relationship between the norms of Islamic commercial law and debt practices at the Lampulo Fish Landing Site. Data collection was conducted through interviews with fishermen and financiers, supported by a normative analysis of the concept of ‘qardh’ in Islamic commercial law. The data obtained was then analyzed descriptively and analytically by comparing the practices observed at the Lampulo Fish Landing Facility with the provisions of muamalah fiqh in the Shafi’i school. The research findings indicate that, formally, these debt and credit practices fulfill the pillars and conditions of the qardh contract and can therefore be deemed valid. The mechanism of repayment through a deduction from the catch is also permitted in fiqh. However, substantive inconsistencies were found, particularly regarding the lack of clarity in debt recording, the dominance of financiers in price determination, and the weak bargaining position of fishermen. These conditions may contain elements of gharar and undermine the principle of mutual consent (an-taradin), so that the practice is structurally valid but does not yet fully reflect the principle of justice within the Shafi’i School.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rofi Bukliansyah Putra, Boihaqi bin Adnan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relevance of the Concept of Ujrah in the Commercialisation of Orthodontic Services by Dentists in Baitussalam Sub-district, Aceh Besar Regency
The study aims to examine the standard of fees in orthodontic services, which involves complex, long-term cost characteristics that can create uncertainty about information for patients as healthcare service users based on the principle of fee clarity in Islamic commercial law (fiqh muamalah) and the fulfilment of consumer rights as stipulated in the Consumer Protection Act. This study focuses on answering questions regarding how the practice of setting costs for dental treatment and the fitting of braces in Baitussalam Sub-district operates and to what extent such practices comply with the principle of 'ujrah' in 'ijarah' contracts and consumer protection regulations. The research method employs a legal-empirical approach with a descriptive-analytical study design. Primary data was obtained through interviews with two dentists, one dental nurse, and one patient, whilst secondary data was sourced from fiqh muamalah literature, legislation, and scientific journals. Data collection techniques included interviews, limited observation, and document analysis with qualitative data analysis. The research findings indicate that the setting of orthodontic fees remains variable and is not yet fully transparent, particularly regarding additional costs beyond the initial tariff. This situation has the potential to introduce elements of gharar and does not yet fully satisfy the principle of ridha in the ijarah contract, nor does it fully meet consumers’ right to clear information; therefore, there is a need to strengthen standards of cost transparency and establish a more comprehensive tariff communication system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Teuku Muhammad Rafi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Profit-Based Pricing of Electricity Tokens In Street Markets Under Perfect Competition: A Wakalah Bil Ujrah Contract Analysis from Peukan Baro, Pidie Regency, Indonesia
This study is motivated by the practice of selling electricity tokens in the street markets of Peukan Baro Sub-district, Pidie Regency, which reveals a discrepancy between the legal norms of Islamic economics and the community’s economic realities. The research questions in this study cover three main points: how street vendors sell electricity tokens; how pricing and profit mechanisms operate in these transactions; and the relevance of applying the wakalah bil ujrah contract in a perfectly competitive market. This study employs an empirical legal method with a qualitative approach through interviews and observations of electricity token vendors, as well as an analysis of secondary data from Islamic economic law literature and relevant regulations. The research findings indicate that the practice of selling electricity tokens is not yet fully aligned with the principles of wakalah bil ujrah due to a lack of transparency in determining ujrah and profit mechanisms. Pricing is set freely without adequate oversight from the relevant authorities, thereby creating price disparities among traders. The study’s conclusion emphasizes the need for a legal reconstruction of Islamic economic law within the wakalah bil ujrah contract mechanism to align with modern market dynamics. Clearer regulations and a fair oversight system are required to ensure a balance between traders’ rights and consumer interests.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Nazar, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Husnul https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Implementation of Motorcycle Financing Agreements in Banda Aceh, Indonesia
This article examines the issues surrounding the implementation of motorcycle financing contracts in Banda Aceh, with a particular focus on PT. Mandala Finance. The main issue identified is the inconsistency between the murābaḥah contract explicitly stated in the agreement and the joint ownership clause, which resembles musyārakah. The study employs a qualitative, normative legal approach with descriptive-prescriptive analysis, utilizing a literature review, contract documentation, and supplementary interviews. Findings reveal that financing companies in Banda Aceh generally apply murābaḥah (bi al-wakālah and li al-amr bi al-syirā’) as well as musyārakah mutanāqiṣah—however, PT. Mandala Finance demonstrates an anomaly by blending murābaḥah with musyārakah, resulting in consumers not fully attaining milk al-tāmm (complete ownership) of financed vehicles. This highlights the need for contractual consistency with the principles of Islamic economic law to avoid gharar. Keywords: Banda Aceh, Islamic Law, Financing Contract, and Motorcycle.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mumtazul Fikri, Saifuddin Sadan, Shabarullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Risk Liability for Quality of Goods in Distributor–Reseller Transactions of Imported Fruit: A Case Study from the Perspective of Mabī’ in Bay’ al-Musāwamah at Saban Rasa Fruit Shop
Commercial practices in Islam require the fulfilment of the principles of justice, clarity regarding the object of the transaction (mabi’), and certainty regarding liability for the risk of damage to goods. The reality on the ground reveals a discrepancy with these principles, particularly in the distribution of imported fruit between distributors where there is no clear agreement regarding liability for risk. The novelty of this research lies in an integrative analysis of modern distribution practices for perishable commodities from the perspective of fiqh al-muamalah. This topic has hitherto been discussed only in conceptual terms. This study employs a qualitative approach that combines empirical legal research with normative analysis. Data were collected through interviews and direct field observations, supported by a review of the relevant literature on fiqh al-muamalah. The analysis is descriptive, assessing the alignment of existing practices with the principles of Islamic law. The findings indicate that the mechanism of weight reduction as compensation for damage does not fully reflect the principle of justice in Islam, as it is not based on the clarity of the contract and a definite proportion of liability. From the perspective of mabi’ in bay’ al-musāwamah, responsibility for the quality of the goods should remain with the party causing the damage until a valid handover takes place. Current practices reflect custom (‘urf) rather than ideal normative provisions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zahlul Aksa, Saifullah Yunus, Iskandar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Aligning Village Enterprise Governance with Maqasid al-Shariah: An Appraisal of BUMG Management for Social Welfare in Aceh Besar
Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMG) are a strategic instrument for promoting village economic self-reliance by optimising local potential and empowering communities. This study aims to analyse the BUMG management system and examine it from the perspective of Islamic economic law in the village of Lampanah Baro, Indrapuri Sub-district, Aceh Besar Regency. This study employs a qualitative, normative-empirical approach, drawing on a literature review and analysis of BUMG management practices. The findings indicate that the presence of BUMG in Gampong Lampanah Baro has made a positive contribution to improving community welfare, particularly through job creation, increased income, and the development of businesses based on local potential. However, various challenges remain in its implementation, including limited human resource capacity, sub-optimal business management systems, and low levels of transparency and accountability in financial management. Furthermore, the application of Islamic economic principles has not yet been fully optimised, particularly in the use of business contracts, which remain largely conventional, and in the absence of a structured Islamic oversight system. From the perspective of Islamic economic law, these conditions indicate a gap between normative concepts and empirical practice, particularly with respect to the principles of justice (al-‘adl), trustworthiness (amanah), and public interest (maslahah). Therefore, there is a need to strengthen the sharia-based governance of BUMG through capacity building for managers, the application of appropriate sharia contracts, and the establishment of a sharia oversight mechanism to achieve sustainable community welfare.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dian Maulidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
An Analysis of the Royalty Payment System for Book Authors at Bandar Publishing: A Review Based on the Concept of Haq Al-Ibtikār
In Islam, copyright is known as Haq Al-ibtikār, which is a special right over a creation. In book publishing, there is a related legal relationship between the author or book writer and the publisher or printer, one of which concerns a licensing agreement, with royalties payable by the publisher, as the licensee, to the book writer, as the licensor. The purpose of this study is to examine how Bandar Publishing implements the royalty provision system and how it aligns with the concept of Haq Al-ibtikār. The research method used is descriptive analysis, which aims to create a systematic, factual, and accurate picture of the provisions of the royalty provision system by the publisher Bandar Publishing. The data sources used in this study consist of primary data and secondary data. The results of the study explain that first, the royalty provision system at the Bandar Publishing publisher is carried out in several forms according to the agreement with the author, including first, the scheme of purchasing documents or manuscripts; second, bearing all costs for printing and publishing the book by providing a 10% royalty to the author; and third, Bandar Publishing only facilitates the publication of the book, while the printing costs are borne by the author himself. Second, the publisher Bandar Publishing’s system for paying royalties to book authors can be considered legal under the provisions of fiqh muamalah, especially within the framework of ḥaq al-ibtikār.
Copyright (c) 2025 Faiz Ziyad, Azka Amalia Jihad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Dialectic of Ijarah ‘ala al-Tha’at in the Religious Tradition of Acehnese Society: A Legal-Sociological Analysis of the Practice of Paying for Religious Lessons at Graves from the Perspective of the Majority of Scholars
The practice of offering material rewards for religious lessons at family graves is a deeply rooted socio-religious phenomenon in Aceh, yet it raises legal ambiguities regarding the balance between sincerity and the commercialisation of worship. This study aims to analyse the legal status of seeking remuneration for grave-side religious lessons from the perspective of the Jumhur scholars and its implementation within the socio-religious context of Aceh. Using a qualitative method through a juridical-normative and legal sociology approach, the results of the study indicate that the majority of Jumhur scholars (Maliki, Shafi’i, and Hanbali) permit the acceptance of remuneration for acts whose benefits are transitive (muta’addi), such as the teaching of the Qur’an and supplication. In Aceh, this practice manifests in the Samadiyah tradition, where the provision of material support is not construed as a commercial transaction (ujrah), but rather as charity or a voluntary gift. The Aceh Ulama Consultative Council (MPU) acts as a regulator through fatwas prohibiting the use of orphans’ inheritance for the costs of such rituals, in order to uphold sharia justice amidst local traditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 AJIEL - Journal of Islamic Economic Law https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Penegakan Hukum Islam Terhadap Transaksi Jual-Beli Ganja di Aceh: Dialektika Antara Otonomi Khusus, Keadilan Jinayah, dan Realitas Sosiokultural
Penelitian ini menganalisis dialektika kompleks antara penegakan hukum Islam, otonomi khusus, dan realitas sosiokultural dalam transaksi jual-beli ganja di Aceh. Sebagai satu-satunya provinsi di Indonesia yang memiliki otoritas konstitusional menerapkan syariat Islam secara kaffah melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh, Aceh menghadapi paradoks unik: ganja secara historis merupakan bagian dari memori kolektif agraris masyarakat, namun secara hukum positif diklasifikasikan sebagai Narkotika Golongan I yang dilarang keras. Menggunakan metode penelitian normatif-empiris dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan sosiologis, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terjadi ketegangan struktural antara rezim hukum nasional yang bersifat punitif dengan aspirasi syariat Islam yang diwujudkan melalui Qanun Jinayah. Data menunjukkan bahwa kasus narkotika tidak diadili di Mahkamah Syar’iyyah melainkan di Pengadilan Negeri, menciptakan dualisme penegakan hukum yang mengurangi efektivitas implementasi syariat secara utuh. Analisis terhadap Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Banda Aceh Nomor 85/Pid.Sud/2020/Pn-Bna mengonfirmasi dominasi legalitas formal UU Narkotika tanpa integrasi nilai-nilai syariat secara substansial. Sementara itu, Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama (MPU) Aceh menunjukkan dinamika pemikiran dari pandangan tradisional yang rigid menuju pendekatan pragmatis melalui konsep Darurat Syariah terkait wacana legalisasi ganja medis. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan revisi Qanun Jinayah untuk mengakomodasi tindak pidana narkotika, penguatan kapasitas Wilayatul Hisbah dalam sinergi dengan aparat penegak hukum nasional, serta pengembangan pendekatan keadilan restoratif berbasis nilai-nilai ishlah yang sejalan dengan Maqasid al-Shari’ah.
Management of Productive Waqf Assets in The Village of Deah Glumpang Meuraxa, Banda Aceh, According To Sharia Economic Law
Productive waqf is an important instrument in Islamic economic law. This study aims to analyse the management of productive waqf assets in Gampong Deah Glumpang, Meuraxa District, and Banda Aceh City and review their benefits from the perspective of Islamic economic law and Law No. 41 of 2004 on waqf. The research method is a normative-empirical approach with a descriptive qualitative design. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and literature reviews related to productive waqf management. The study’s results indicate that productive waqf assets, such as land and rental houses, have been utilised, but their management has not been optimal or professional. Waqf management is still carried out jointly by village officials, not by independent and competent nazirs as mandated by law. This condition has resulted in the suboptimal implementation of the principles of transparency, accountability, and productive waqf management in accordance with Islamic economic law. Therefore, it is necessary to increase human resource capacity by establishing and training professional nazirs to ensure productive Waqf management provides sustainable benefits for the community’s welfare.
Praktik Sewa Papan Bunga dalam Perspektif Akad Ijārah bil Manfa‘ah
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik sewa papan bunga di Arja Florist Aceh Besar dalam perspektif akad ijārah bil manfa‘ah. Permasalahan utama yang dikaji adalah bagaimana kesesuaian praktik sewa papan bunga tersebut dengan prinsip-prinsip akad ijārah bil manfa‘ah dalam hukum ekonomi syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis, memadukan data lapangan yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan pemilik dan pelanggan Arja Florist serta data kepustakaan dari literatur fikih muamalah dan hukum ekonomi syariah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik sewa papan bunga di Arja Florist umumnya telah memenuhi rukun dan syarat akad ijārah bil manfa‘ah, di mana manfaat barang yang disewakan bersifat jelas, harga disepakati secara transparan, dan tanggung jawab atas kualitas barang dijalankan oleh pihak penyedia jasa. Namun, masih ditemukan beberapa kelemahan seperti tidak adanya kontrak tertulis dan kurangnya dokumentasi transaksi yang berpotensi menimbulkan kesalahpahaman di kemudian hari. Dengan demikian, praktik sewa papan bunga di Arja Florist dapat dikategorikan sesuai dengan prinsip ijārah bil manfa‘ah, meskipun perlu penguatan administratif agar lebih mencerminkan nilai-nilai kejelasan dan kehati-hatian dalam muamalah syariah.
Analisis Hukum Perjanjian Pertanggungan Risiko Kerja Kurir J&T Banda Aceh Berdasarkan Prinsip Akad Ijārah
Penelitian ini menganalisis perjanjian pertanggungan risiko kerja antara manajemen dan kurir J&T di Banda Aceh dari perspektif hukum ekonomi syariah, khususnya berdasarkan prinsip akad ijārah 'ala al-'amāl. Permasalahan utama yang diangkat adalah bagaimana implementasi perjanjian tersebut dan sejauh mana kesesuaiannya dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-empiris dengan metode studi kasus, melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pihak kurir dan manajemen serta analisis dokumen kontrak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontrak kerja yang ditetapkan oleh manajemen J&T bersifat baku, dan klausul pertanggungan risiko di dalamnya cenderung membebankan kurir secara sepihak, terutama terkait risiko kecelakaan, kehilangan, dan kerusakan barang. Dari perspektif akad ijārah, ketentuan ini dinilai tidak sepenuhnya sejalan dengan prinsip keadilan dan 'aqad syariah, yang seharusnya membagi beban risiko secara lebih proporsional antara pemberi kerja dan pekerja, kecuali jika terjadi kelalaian. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menyimpulkan urgensi peninjauan ulang terhadap perjanjian kerja di J&T Banda Aceh agar lebih adil, akuntabel, dan sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah.
Implikasi Akad Ijarah pada Persepsi Petani Cabai Terhadap Praktik Sewa Lahan oleh Perusahaan Agritech
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana pemahaman dan implementasi akad Ijarah (sewa-menyewa) dalam perjanjian sewa lahan oleh perusahaan Agritech memengaruhi (1) persepsi keadilan, (2) persepsi risiko, dan (3) penerimaan praktik kemitraan oleh petani cabai di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-lapangan dengan studi kasus di Kecamatan Ketol, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam untuk membandingkan praktik aktual dengan prinsip Ijarah dan dampaknya pada persepsi petani. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan adanya kesenjangan signifikan antara praktik sewa lahan yang dijalankan oleh perusahaan Agritech dan pemenuhan syarat sah akad Ijarah, terutama pada aspek kerelaan (keredhaan) dan transparansi kontrak. Kesenjangan implementasi ini berimplikasi langsung pada dimensi persepsi petani: persepsi keadilan cenderung rendah terkait penentuan harga sewa dan pembagian hasil; persepsi risiko dinilai tinggi karena beban kerugian operasional yang dominan ditanggung petani; meskipun demikian, penerimaan praktik kemitraan secara umum tetap dilakukan karena keterbatasan pilihan ekonomi, namun dilandasi ketidakpuasan terhadap skema kontrak. Disimpulkan bahwa ketidaksempurnaan dalam pemenuhan syarat sah Ijarah berimplikasi negatif pada keadilan dan manajemen risiko petani. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan intervensi regulasi untuk memastikan kontrak kemitraan Agritech mencerminkan nilai-nilai transparansi dan keadilan substansial sesuai dengan prinsip Muamalah Islam.
The Implications of the Ijārah ‘Ala Al-‘Amāl Contract on Competition Between Rice Milling Plants and Mobile Rice Milling Services
This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the legal implications of the Ijārah ‘ala al-‘Amāl contract on the dynamics of competition and consumer preferences within the rice milling industry, specifically between fixed rice mills and mobile rice milling services. This study employs a qualitative approach using empirical legal research (socio-legal), with a case study in Muara Tiga Sub-district, Pidie Regency. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews with mill owners (both fixed and mobile), and farmers as consumers. The results indicate that competition between the two types of business is intense, with mobile rice milling services emerging as a dominant new trend due to their offering of time efficiency and locational convenience for farmers. The majority of consumers’ preferences have shifted towards mobile services, even though the rates offered are often non-standard. From a Sharia legal perspective, the rice milling services provided by both parties are categorised as an Ijārah ‘ala al-‘Amāl contract. However, it was found that the pricing mechanism (ujrah) for mobile services often contains elements of gharar (uncertainty) regarding the volume of services and milled residue, which potentially violates the pillars and conditions for the validity of the Ijārah contract, thereby having legal implications for the validity of fair and ethical business competition based on Sharia principles.
Analysis of The Concept of Ji’alah in Determining Success Fees For Civil Lawyers: Case Study of Lawyers in Banda Aceh
The practice of setting success fees for civil law attorneys in Banda Aceh often sparks debate, particularly regarding its compatibility with professional ethics and Islamic economic principles. This study aims to analyse this practice from an Islamic law perspective, using the concept of ji’alah as a theoretical framework. Using a normative-empirical approach, this descriptive-analytical study collected data through interviews and documentary studies. The results show that solicitors in Banda Aceh systematically set success fees, with compensation generally ranging from 10% to 25% of the value of the assets recovered. The main findings show that this practice substantially reflects the elements of ji’alah, including an agreement at the outset and the provision of compensation based on the success of the work. Furthermore, this practice is considered to be in accordance with the principles of muamalah, including justice (‘adl), willingness (tarādhī), and the prohibition of gharar, because compensation is only given if the work is successful.
The Practice of Cooking Oil’s Arisan (lottery club) within the IKPP Group of Central Aceh community
The practice of arisan is a means for people to save because there is a return of goods or money worth the amount that has been deposited. As in the cooking oil arisan conducted by the IKPP community in Central Aceh which can be used for the benefit of receptions or celebrations that will be held by these members, if there are members who do not hold receptions then the arisan can be cashed. This arisan is carried out regularly every month by determining the recipient of the arisan every 2 months. The problem in this research is how is the practice of cooking oil arisan for receptions among the IKPP Aceh Tengah community? This includes how the agreement between each member and the chairman, the arisan pattern, and the responsibilities of members in the cooking oil arisan among the IKPP community. Another problem is how is the perspective of the qardh contract on the practice of cooking oil arisan conducted by the IKPP community in Central Aceh? The method used in this research is qualitative with an empirical sociological approach through primary data obtained from field research and secondary data from library research. The results of this study can be concluded that the practice of cooking oil arisan for receptions among the IKPP Central Aceh community is carried out with an agreement made verbally, then agreed upon by each member and the chairman so that from this it shows that the agreement runs in accordance with the provisions that have been agreed upon together. Furthermore, from the perspective of the qardh contract, this arisan practice has fulfilled the pillars and conditions because each member gets the same arisan object, namely 2 litres of sunco cooking oil. If the member wants to receive money, the money is also worth the price of cooking oil at the time of receiving the arisan.
Copyright (c) 2014 AJIEL - Ar-Raniry Journal of Islamic Economic Law https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Occupational Risk in Lobster Breeding from the Perspective of Ijarah 'Ala Al- 'Amal
Risk is an event that has an impact contrary to the objectives that have been achieved. Lobster breeding requires a long time and high risk. In a work contract in the form of an ijārah ála al-ámāl contract is an agreement in the form of hiring someone, there are two problem formulations in this thesis: first, how is the responsibility for work risks in lobster breeding in Simeulue Regency? second, how is the perspective of Ijarah 'Ala al-'Amal on the worker risk coverage system in lobster breeding in Simeulue Regency? The type of research used is descriptive qualitative method of analysis, data collected through interview techniques. The results showed that: first, the work risks that can be experienced by lobster breeding workers are damage to oxygen when diving, damage to boats due to bad weather which can cause injury and death. the accountability carried out by lobster entrepreneurs is to provide treatment if their employees are sick or have an accident, support their families if their employees die. In the perspective of the ijarah 'ala al-'amal contract regarding work risk coverage, it is appropriate when viewed from the terms and conditions specified in fiqh muamalah.
Copyright (c) 2025 AJIEL - Ar-Raniry Journal of Islamic Economic Law https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Investment Implementation in Shari'ah Insurance Company According to Fiqh Muamalah
The main objective of the investment portfolio is to get a high rate of return with a small level of risk to fulfil obligations both to policyholders and for company growth. While profitability describes the company's ability to earn profits through all existing capabilities and sources. Sunlife Syari'ah Insurance Company provides investment opportunities to customers through insurance products. In each product has a different contract. Worth the product that requires its customers to take investment and products that do not have investment in it, of course in investment has a contract that is different from the life insurance policy, because Sunlife Syari'ah Insurance products that contain elements of investment are still very new, it is necessary to explain in more detail about the contract and implementation of investment in insurance companies. The author uses research methods that include qualitative research methods, where this method is descriptive analysis. The National Shari'ah Council Fatwa No. 21/DSN-MUI/X/2001 concerning General Guidelines for Shari'ah Insurance states that what is meant by Shari'ah insurance (ta'min, takful or tadhamun) is an effort to protect and help each other among a number of people or parties through investment in the form of tabarru' fund assets that provide a pattern of return to face certain risks through contracts (agreements) in accordance with Shari'ah. Therefore, insurance is permissible in Shari'ah, because the basic principles of Shari'ah invite to everything that results in the bonding of fellow human beings and to something that alleviates their disasters as Allah Swt says in the Qur'an surah Al-Maidah verse 2.
Utilisation of Land Owned by PT Kereta Api Indonesia by the Community According to Milk Ad-Daulah Theory
Land owned by PT Kereta Api Indonesia (PT KAI) is one of the state-owned lands that is used for the public interest. However, the reality is that the people of Sukamakmur Subdistrict utilise land owned by PT Kereta Api Indonesia for personal use without permission from PT KAI. This research uses qualitative research methods with a juridical sociological approach. Data acquisition was carried out by field research and library research methods, with observation, interview and documentation techniques. The results of the research show that; First, land utilisation is carried out by the community in various forms such as construction (kiosks, houses, doorsmeer, kamling posts, and huts), animal husbandry (chickens, ducks, and cows), and plantations (cassava, areca nut, cocoa, chilli, and others). Second, the utilisation is carried out for personal use without permission from the government, especially from PT KAI, so the community has violated the Criminal Code Article 167 Jo Article 389 and Law No. 23 of 2007 Article 192 on the prohibition of entering, occupying, using without permission and land grabbing. So that land utilisation is considered legally invalid (illegal). Third, according to the concept of Milk Al-Daulah, state-owned land should be intended for the public interest, not private interests, and should not be utilised without a valid legal provision or permission from the relevant government. So that the utilisation of land owned by PT KAI by the people of Sukamakmur Sub-district is not in accordance with the Milk Al-Daulah perspective
Factors of Exchange of Waqf Property According to Positive Law and Islamic Law in Indonesia
This study aims to answer the factors of the exchange of waqf assets according to positive law and Islamic law. The research approach that the author uses is empirical juridical, technical research is descriptive analysis with data collection methods through interviews and documentation. The results of the research on the factors causing the exchange of waqf in Kembang Tanjong District are to make it easier for the people of the two villages to utilise the results of the waqf, the community and Nadzir are also easier to supervise and manage the results of the waqf. The view of positive law on the exchange of waqf assets in Kembang Tanjong sub-district, the exchange process that occurs in Kembang Tanjong sub-district is not carried out based on Government Regulation No. 42 of 2006 concerning the exchange of waqf assets which contains the requirements and conditions for exchanging waqf assets. The view of Islamic law on the exchange that occurred in Kembang Tanjong Subdistrict, when viewed from the provisions of the imam mazhab which discuss the exchange of waqf property, the exchange carried out does not contain maslahat and does not fulfil the conditions for exchanging waqf property.
Sale and Purchase Transactions in the Player Unknown's Battleground (Pubg) Online Game Application from the Perspective of the Mabi' theory
The PUBG game offers online item purchases using virtual money or Unknown Cash (UC) to buy items (items) or skins contained in the create to look different. This raises the issue of how the mechanism of buying and selling transactions carried out in the PUBG game application because it is done online and there are no concrete buyers and sellers but only virtually. The second problem is that there are indications (gharar) in purchasing items in the PUBG game application. This research uses library research by collecting information related to buying and selling in the PUBG game application. The results of this study can be concluded that the mechanism of buying and selling transactions carried out still has shortcomings such as the existence of gharar in the purchase and the prohibition only occurs if the player buys game items using UC money because the items are obtained through fate or trying luck which can result in losses to the player. Therefore, it is hoped that this kind of study will be able to help people out there to answer questions related to buying and selling transactions carried out in the PUBG game application. As well as providing awareness to the public of the importance of understanding the law of buying and selling in life.
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Implementation of DSN-MUI Fatwa Number 108/DSN-MUI/X/2016 concerning Halal Tourism at Tuan Tapa Tourism, South Aceh
The National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) issued Fatwa No. 108/DSN-MUI/X/2016 on Guidelines for Tourism Organisation Based on Sharia Principles. The substance of the fatwa regulates the criteria for tourism objects that are in accordance with sharia principles. Tuan Tapa tourist attraction is the most visited tourist destination in South Aceh, but in practice there are still activities that are contrary to the values of Islamic law, even though Aceh is an area that is given authority in terms of implementing Islamic law without exception in the tourism sector. This research examines how the implementation of Fatwa Number 108/DSN-MUI/X/2016 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Tourism Based on Sharia Principles. This research uses qualitative methods and descriptive analysis approaches, with data collection techniques namely interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. The results of the study that, Implementation of halal tourism at Tuan Tapa tourist attraction has not fulfilled the general principles of halal tourism as described in Fatwa DSN-MUI Number 108/DSN-MUI/X/2016, based on the results of the study there are still found persugihan practices that lead to shirk, in addition to the practice of persugihan, there are still tourists who do not maintain worship obligations while travelling, there are still tourists who do activities when Friday prayers are held, and Tuan Tapa tourist attraction there are still young tourists who do khalwat actions.
The Performance of the Sharia Supervisory Board at The Aceh Independent Cooperative in The Perspective of the Syirkah Inan
Cooperatives in their operational efforts require a Sharia Supervisory Board so that cooperative operations run well and in accordance with the standards set by the government as well as in Bintang Mandiri Aceh Cooperative has a Sharia Supervisory Board that will oversee all business operations and will be about products, contracts, financing distribution systems, and all products in BMA cooperatives to comply with sharia principles. The research problem is how the duties of the Sharia Supervisory Board in monitoring the effectiveness of implementation and how the decision-making process to achieve the targets set by Bintang Mandiri Aceh Cooperative, DPS ensures compliance and assessment of the issuance of new products according to sharia principles and the perspective of syirkah inan on DPS performance at the BMA Cooperative. The research method uses descriptive analysis with a normative sociological approach. Data collection through interviews and documentation. The results showed that the Sharia Supervisory Board at Bintang Mandiri Aceh Cooperative carries out its function to control and supervise operations ranging from BMA products, business operational SOPs to product marketing. In handling discrepancies by providing recommendations for improvement. DPS is responsible for ensuring that the process of launching new products does not conflict with sharia principles, is transparent, fair, and sustainable. This is the urgency of the supervisory board at Kopsyah BMA, so that Kopsyah BMA's operations can run optimally in accordance with what has been determined in the AD ART evaluation, especially in accordance with sharia principles. Based on the concept of syirkah inan, the existence of DPS in Kopsyah BMA's operations is in accordance with its basic principles as an integral part of the cooperative that has the right to supervise representing the owners of capital in this cooperative, as the commissioner oversees cooperative operations, including compliance with sharia principles, including syirkah inan.
Accountability of Mosque Fund Management in the Perspective of Idarat Al-Masjid
The Idarah masjid is an activity to develop and organise cooperation from many people to achieve a certain goal. It is more focused on planning, organising, administering, financing and monitoring. In terms of accountability and transparency in the management of development funds, Idarat Al-Masjid is needed, both in fund reports and in the management of other activities. The Baitul Akbar Adan Mosque has never been renovated, because construction is still continuing with funds that have been collected. The questions in this research are how to apply the principle of transparency in managing funds at the Baitul Akbar Adan Mosque, what is the accountability of BKM management in the realisation of funds for the construction of the Baitul Akbar Adan Mosque, and how to manage funds using the principles of accountability and transparency for the construction of the Baitul Akbar Adan Mosque based on the perspective of Idarat Al-Masjid. In this research the author uses a sociological juridical research method, with qualitative research type and data collection techniques using interviews and documentation. The results of the research show that the BKM's efforts in terms of transparency are at least adequate, with efforts to announce outgoing and incoming funds every Friday, this is also a form of accountability that is held accountable in annual discussions by the BKM regarding the funds collected, therefore it is hoped that this can foster trust. However, monthly bookkeeping and reporting cannot be said to be adequate or effective. In this case it can be concluded that, Accountability and transparency of fund management based on the Idarat al-Masjid perspective has been implemented in the management of Baitul Akbar Adan Mosque funds, both from the beginning in planning to supervision, but there are still many things that are lacking in terms of administration, in the field of written reporting and bookkeeping of funds every month.
Financing Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) After the Implementation of Qanun LKS in the Perspective of Maqashid Syariah
Financing of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) after the implementation of the Qanun LKS has increased in the capacity of the market economy. This study examines the bankable qualifications for MSME actors for micro business financing after the enactment of the LKS qanun in the maqashid sharia perspective. The research objects in this study are MSME actors (Sibreh Market Traders Aceh Besar), PT Bank Aceh Syariah, BSI KCP Sukamakmur with data collection techniques carried out in 3 ways, namely; 1) observation; 2) interviews; 3) documentation. Based on the research results obtained that: First, bankable qualifications for MSME actors to obtain access to financing at Islamic Banks after the implementation of the LKS qanun are grouped into seven bankable businesses. Second, the implementation of the Islamic bank management system in determining safe financing for MSME customers is applying the prudential banking principle by analysing the 5C principles (Character, Capacity, Capital, Condition and Collateral) so that MSME actors obtain safe financing from Islamic Banks. Third, the maqashid sharia review of the bankable qualifications of MSME actors after the implementation of the Qanun LKS on micro business financing is in accordance with maqashid sharia. With the financing provided by Islamic banks with sharia principles, MSMEs obtain benefits on their assets that avoid loans that contain ribawi elements.